Systematic Analysis
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This is the place where the original documents of the systematic analysis of simple salts are stored.
Created on 07-03-2024. For Lead Nitrate
S.No
Experiment
Observations
Inference
1
Physical Examination: a) Noted the colour of the given salt b) Noted the smell of the salt
White colour was observed. No specific odour observed.
Absence of Cu^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, Ni^{2+}, Fe^{3+},Co^{2+} Absence ofNH_4^+, S_2^- and CH_3COO^-
2
Dry Heated Test : Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the results a) Gas Evolved b) Sublimate formed c) Decrepitation d) Swelling e) Residue
A reddish brown gas evolved which turned freshly prepared Fe(SO_4 ) solution black No Sublimate was formed. The salt makes crackling sound. No Swelling was found. Brown Residue was obtained when hot; yellow residue was found when cold.
Presence of NO_3^- or NO_2^- Absence of I^- , NH_4^+ Presence ofPb(NO_3)_2, KBr or NaCl Absence of PO_4^{ 3-}. Pb^{2+} may be present.
3.
Charcoal Cavity Test: Added Sodium carbonate (Na_2CO_3) to a part of the above salt. Placed it in the charcoal cavity and moistened it. Directed the reducing flame towards it.
Brown Residue was obtained when hot; yellow residue was found when cold.
Pb^{2+} may be present.
4.
Flame Test : Prepared a paste of the salt in conc. HCl and performed flame test
A dull Bluish-white flame was observed.
Presence of Pb^{2+}.
5.
Ash Test: Added conc HNO_3 to the original salt solution and allowed fumes to cease. Then 2 drops of Cobalt Nitrate solution were added to the solution. A small filter paper was dipped in the solution with tongs and was burnt.
No characteristic ash was observed.
Absence of Zn^{2+} and Al^{3+}
6.
Dilute HCL Test:- Dilute HCL was added to a part of the salt given, in a test tube
No brisk effervescence was observed.
Absence of {CO_3}^{2-}.
7.
KMnO_4 Test : To a pinch of the salt dil. H_2SO_4 was added. To it, 2 drops ofKMnO_4 solution was added.
Pink colour of KMnO_4 was not discharged
Absence of Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, C_2O_4^{ 2-} and Fe_{2+}.
8.
Dilute Sulphuric Acid Test: Treated a pinch of the salt with dil. H_2SO_4
No gas evolved
Absence of CO_3^{2-}, S^{2-}, SO_3^{2-}, NO_2^-.
9.
Conc. Sulphuric Acid Test: Heated a pinch of the salt with conc. sulphuric acid.
A reddish brown gas evolved which intensified when copper turnings were added. The gas turned FeSO_4 solution black.
NO_3^- maybe present
10.
Sodium Carbonate extract: A pinch of salt was mixed with double the amount of Sodium Carbonate in a test tube and was boiled with 10-15 mL of distilled water for some time. The suspension obtained was filtered. This filtrate was labelled as sodium carbonate extract.
11.
Test for individual radicals: a) Test for Sulphates: Boiled a small amount of the sodium carbonate extract with dilute HCL in a test tube. Added few drops of BaCl_2 solution. (b) Test for Phosphate: Added conc HNO_3 to the sodium carbonate extract in a test tube, and allowed the fumes to cease. Added excess of ammonium molybdate solution.
No white ppt was observed. No yellow ppt was observed.
Absence of Sulphate. Absence of Phosphate.
12.
Confirmatory test for nitrate: a) Copper chips test: A pinch of the salt was taken in a test tube. Conc HNO_3 and a few copper chips were added, and heated. (b) Ring test: In 2-3 mL of the salt solution, freshly prepared FeSO_4 solution was added. Poured conc. H_2SO_4 acid along the sides of the test tube.
Dark brown fumes of NO_2 evolved. A dark brown ring formed at the junction of the two liquids.
NO_3^- confirmed NO_3^- confirmed
13.
Preparation of original solution (O.S) Added some distilled water to a small quantity of given salt, and shook it well. The contents dissolved, and the clear solution thus obtained was labelled as the original solution (O.S.), where the contents were the salt given.
14.
Group Separation: a) Group 0: To the O.S., added a few drops of NaOH solution and warmed. b) Group 1:Dilute HCl was added to OS
No characteristic ammonia smell was observed. White ppt was observed.
Absence of Group 0 Group 1 present. ( Maybe Pb^{+2}, Ag^+ or Hg_2^+)
15.
Confirmatory tests:- Took a part of the white ppt and added some distilled water to it. i) Potassium Iodide Test: To the first part of the solution, Potassium Iodide was added. ii) Potassium chromate test:- To the second part of the solution, a few drops of K_2CrO_4 solution was added.
Yellow ppt was observed. Yellow ppt was observed.
Pb^{2+} present. Pb^{2+} confirmed.
The given salt was found to contain the following radicals:-
The acidic radical of the given salt was found to be Nitrate ().
The basic radical of the given salt was found to be Lead ().
The given inorganic simple salt was found to be Lead Nitrate ().
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