Systematic Analysis of Simple Salt 1

Made with help from nicholas roshan and Sugeeth Jayaraj Samala Augustine Created on 07-09-2023. Updated on 16-02-2024.

S.No	Experiment	Observations	Inference
1	Physical Examination: a) Noted the colour of the given salt b) Noted the smell of the salt	White No specific odour	C$Cu^{2+}$ M$Mn^{2+}$ F$Fe^{2+}$ N$Ni^{2+}$ F$Fe^{3+}$absent. N$NH_4^+$ S$S_2^-$and C$CH3COO^-$bsent
2	Dry Heated Test : Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the observations a) Gas Evolved b) Sublimate formed c) Decrepitation d) Swelling e) Residue	A reddish brown gas evolved which turned freshly prepared Fe(SO$Fe(SO_4 )$tion black (if you forget to use the Fe(SO$Fe(SO_4)$tion… add Br^- $Br^-$he inference) No Sublimate No Decrepitation No Swelling White residue, glows on heating	NO_3^$NO_3^-$O_2^$NO_2^-$be present I^- ,$I^-$_4^$NH_4^+$nt Pb(NO$Pb(NO_3)_2$, NaCl absent. PO_4^$PO_4^{ 3-}$nt. Ba^{2$Ba^{2+}${2$Sr^{2+}${2$Ca^{2+}$2+$Mg^2+$be present
3.	Charcoal Cavity Test: Add Sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$) to a part of the above salt. Place it in the charcoal cavity and moisten it. Direct the reducing flame towards it.	White Residue	S$Sr^{2+}$ Z$Zn^{2+}$ay be present.
4.	Cobalt Nitrate Test: To the above white residue added a drop of cobalt nitrate solution and heated	Black Residue	Z$Zn^{2+}$ M$Mg^{2+}$ P$PO_4^{ 3-}$ A$Al^{3+}$absent
5.	Flame Test : Prepared a paste of the salt in conc. HCl and performed flame test	Persistent crimson-red flame	Maybe S$Sr^{2+}$present
6.	Dilute Sulphuric Acid Test: Treat a pinch of the salt with dil. $H_2SO_4$	No gas evolved	C$CO_3^{2-}$ S$S^{2-}$ S$SO_3^{2-}$ N$NO_2^-$absent
7.	$KMnO_4$ Test : To a pinch of the salt added dil. $H_2SO_4$, boil off any gas released. Add$KMnO_4$ solution dropwise.	Pink colour of K$KMnO_4$not discharged	C$Cl^-$ B$Br^-$ I$I^-$ C$C_2O_4^{ 2-}$and F$Fe_{2+}$maybe absent
8.	Conc. Sulphuric Acid Test: Heated a pinch of the salt with conc. sulphuric acid and added to it a paper pellet.	A reddish brown gas evolved which turned F$FeSO_4$olution black	N$NO_3^-$maybe present

9.	Sodium Carbonate extract: A pinch of salt is mixed with double the mount of Sodium Carbonate in a test tube and is boiled with 10-15 mL of distilled water for some time. The suspension obtained is filtered. This filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.

10.	Confirmatory test for nitrate: a) Copper chips test: Heated a pinch of the salt and a few copper chips (b) Ring test: In 2-3 mL of the salt solution, added freshly prepared $FeSO_4$ solution. Pour conc. $H_2SO_4$ acid along the sides of the test tube.	Dark brown fumes of NO$NO_2$volved. A dark brown ring formed at the junction of the two liquids.	NO$NO_3^-$onfirmed NO$NO_3^-$onfirmed

11.	Preparation of original solution (O.S) To a small quantity of given salt, add some distilled water, shake it well. The contents dissolve, the clear solution thus obtained is labelled as the original solution (O.S.), where the contents is the salt given.
12.	Group Separation: a) Group 0: the solid salt is heated with concentrated $NaOH$solution b) Group 1:Dilute $HCl$is added to OS c) Group 2: To dilute HCL and original solution add yellow ammonium sulphide $(NH_4)_2S$ d) Group 3: To 5 mL of O.S., add 4-5 mL of conc. $HNO_3$acid, boil it. Add solid 2g of$NH_4Cl$ and cool solution under tap water. Add excess of $NH_4OH$ and shake. e) Group 4: To O.S., add $NH_4Cl$ , $NH_4OH$ and yellow ammonium sulphide. f) Group 5: To O.S., add $NH_4Cl$, boil and cool, add $NH_4OH$ until it smells of ammonia; add $(NH_4)_2CO_3$	no characteristic ammonia smell No PPT No black PPT No PPT No ppt. White precipitate	Group 0 Absent Group 1 absent. Group 2 absent Group 3 absent Group 4 absent. Group 5 present (Ba$Ba^{2+}$Sr$Sr^{2+}$Ca$Ca^{2+}$

13.	Confirmatory tests:- Dissolve a part of the white ppt in dil. acetic acid. i) Potassium chromate test:- To the first part of the solution, add a few drops of $K_2CrO_4$solution. ii) Amm. sulphate test: To the second part of the solution, add 1 mL of amm. sulphate solution and heat it. iii) Flame Test: Perform the same test with the original salt.	No yellow ppt. White ppt. Crimson red flame is obtained	Ba^{2$Ba^{2+}$nt. Sr^{2$Sr^{2+}$irmed. Sr^{2$Sr^{2+}$irmed.

Result

• The acidic radical of the given salt is nitrate ($NO_3^-$).

• The basic radical of the given salt is Strontium ($Sr^{2+}$).

• The given salt is Strontium Nitrate ($Sr(NO_3)_2$).