Systematic Analysis of Simple Salt 4

Made with help from Riya Roopesh, nicholas roshan and Sugeeth Jayaraj Samala Augustine Created on 07-09-2023. Updated on 16-02-2024.

S.No	Experiment	Observations	Inference
1	Physical Examination: a) Noted the colour of the given salt b) Noted the smell of the salt	White No specific odour	C$Cu^{2+}$ M$Mn^{2+}$ F$Fe^{2+}$ N$Ni^{2+}$ F$Fe^{3+}$absent. N$NH_4^+$ S$S_2^-$and C$CH3COO^-$bsent
2	Dry Heated Test : Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted observations. a) Gas Evolved b) Sublimate formed c) Decrepitation d) Swelling e) Residue	A greenish yellow gas evolves, which turns starch iodine paper blue. No Sublimate No Decrepitation No Swelling White residue, glows on heating	Cl^- $Cl^-$be present I^- ,$I^-$_4^$NH_4^+$nt Pb(NO$Pb(NO_3)_2$, NaCl absent. PO_4^$PO_4^{ 3-}$nt. Ba^{2$Ba^{2+}${2$Sr^{2+}${2$Ca^{2+}$2+$Mg^2+$be present
3.	Charcoal Cavity Test: Add Sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$) to a part of the above salt. Place it in the charcoal cavity and moisten it. Direct the reducing flame towards it.	White Residue which glows when hot	B$Ba^{2+}$ C$Ca^{2+}$ M$Mg^{2+}$may be present.
4.	Cobalt Nitrate Test: To the above white residue added a drop of cobalt nitrate solution and heated	Black Residue	Z$Zn^{2+}$ M$Mg^{2+}$ P$PO_4^{ 3-}$ A$Al^{3+}$absent
5.	Flame Test : Prepared a paste of the salt in conc. HCl and performed flame test	Non-persistent brick-red flame	Maybe C$Ca^{2+}$present
6.	Dilute Sulphuric Acid Test: Treat a pinch of the salt with dil. H2SO4	No gas evolved	$CO_3^{2-}$, $S^{2-}$, $SO_3^{2-}$, $NO_2^-$ absent
7.	$KMnO_4$ Test : To a pinch of the salt added dil. $H_2SO_4$, boil off any gas released. Add$KMnO_4$ solution dropwise.	Pink colour of K$KMnO_4$is discharged with yellowish-green gas evolved	C$Cl^-$may be present.
8.	Conc. Sulphuric Acid Test: Heated a pinch of the salt with conc. sulphuric acid.	Colourless gas with pungent smell. The gas gives white fumes with aqueous ammonia (N$NH_4OH$ and white ppt. with A$AgNO_3$solution.	C$Cl^-$maybe present

9.	Sodium Carbonate extract: A pinch of salt is mixed with double the mount of Sodium Carbonate in a test tube and is boiled with 10-15 mL of distilled water for some time. The suspension obtained is filtered. This filtrate is called sodium carbonate extract.

10.	Confirmatory test for chloride: a) Silver Nitride Test: Acidify a portion of aqueous solution (or sodium carbonate extract) with dil. $HNO_3$. Boil, cool and add silver nitrate solution. (b) Manganese dioxide test: Heat a small quantity of salt with a little manganeese dioxide and conc. $H_2SO_4$.	A yellow ppt. is formed which is insoluble in NH$NH_4OH$ Evolution of violet vapours of iodine which turn starch paper blue.	Cl$Cl^-$onfirmed Cl$Cl^-$onfirmed

11.	Preparation of original solution (O.S) To a small quantity of given salt, add some distilled water, shake it well. The contents dissolve, the clear solution thus obtained is labelled as the original solution (O.S.), where the contents is the salt given.
12.	Group Separation: a) Group 0: the solid salt is heated with concentrated $NaOH$solution b) Group 1:Dilute $HCl$is added to OS c) Group 2: To dilute HCL and original solution add yellow ammonium sulphide. $(NH_4)_2S$ d) Group 3: To 5 mL of O.S., add 4-5 mL of conc. $HNO_3$acid, boil it. Add solid 2g of$NH_4Cl$ and cool solution under tap water. Add excess of $NH_4OH$ and shake. e) Group 4: To O.S., add $NH_4Cl$ , $NH_4OH$ and yellow ammonium sulphide. f) Group 5: To O.S., add $NH_4Cl$, boil and cool, add $NH_4OH$ until it smells of ammonia; add $(NH_4)_2CO_3$	No characteristic ammonia smell No ppt. No black ppt. No ppt. No ppt. White precipitate	Group 0 absent Group 1 absent. Group 2 absent Group 3 absent Group 4 absent. Group 5 present (maybe Ba$Ba^{2+}$Sr$Sr^{2+}$Ca$Ca^{2+}$

13.	Confirmatory tests:- Dissolve a part of the white ppt in dil. acetic acid. i) Potassium chromate test:- To the first part of the solution, add a few drops of $K_2CrO_4$solution. ii) Amm. sulphate test: To the second part of the solution, add 1 mL of amm. sulphate solution and heat it. iii) Amm. oxalate test:- To the third part of the solution, add ammonium oxalate solution. iii) Flame Test: Perform the same test with the original salt.	No yellow ppt. No white ppt. White ppt. Brick red flame is obtained	Ba^{2$Ba^{2+}$nt. Sr^{2$Sr^{2+}$nt. Ca^{2$Ca^{2+}$irmed. Ca^{2$Ca^{2+}$irmed.

Result

• The acidic radical of the given salt is chloride ($Cl^-$).

• The basic radical of the given salt is Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$).

• The given salt is Calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$).